IR SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF DEFECATE WASTE ACTIVATED IN ALKALINE MEDIUM
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Abstract
This study investigates the structural and functional properties of a sample obtained by activating defecate — a sugar industry by-product — in an alkaline medium (NaOH solution) using IR spectroscopy. Spectral analysis revealed that calcium carbonate was partially transformed into calcium hydroxide and sodium carbonate, accompanied by the formation of active hydroxyl groups on the surface. Vibrations corresponding to carbonyl, carboxyl, and C–H groups of organic substances (pectin, sugar residues, nitrogenous and non-nitrogenous organic compounds) were also identified. Mineral components of the defecate, such as magnesium, potassium, phosphorus compounds, and silicates, appeared in the spectrum as well. The obtained results demonstrated that the activation of defecate in an alkaline medium leads to an increase in the specific surface area and the number of active sites of the resulting sorbents, thereby improving their adsorption efficiency toward heavy metal ions.
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