INTEGRATION OF A BORIC ACID–PHOSPHORIC ACID–UREA–ZnO BASED FLAME RETARDANT INTO COTTON AND 50/50 COTTON–POLYESTER FABRICS
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In this study, a flame-retardant composition based on a combination of boric acid, orthophosphoric acid (phosphate), urea, and zinc oxide (ZnO) was developed and chemically bog ‘ed onto 100% cotton and 50/50 cotton–polyester fabrics. The chemical modifications of the treated fabrics were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy, while their thermal stability was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The FTIR spectra showed characteristic absorption peaks at 3301, 2991, 1559, 1433, 1078, and 831 cm⁻¹, indicating the successful incorporation of the flame retardant onto the fiber surface. TGA results revealed a delay in pyrolysis processes and an increase in char residue for the modified samples, which occurred through intumescence and the formation of a mineral barrier. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the synergistic effect produced by the incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles into the boron–phosphorus–nitrogen system, which led to improved washing durability of the flame retardant.
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