STUDY OF THE RAW MATERIAL BASE FOR BISMUTH PRODUCTION IN UZBEKISTAN AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF EXTRACTING BISMUTH FROM THEM
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article provides a scientific analysis of the extraction of bismuth (Bi) from both natural and technogenic sources. The study focuses on the Ustarasoy deposit in Tashkent region and the lead–bismuth sludge generated at the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex (AMMC). The Ustarasoy deposit represents a bismuth–arsenopyrite hydrothermal vein–metasomatic formation type occurring within Upper Devonian carbonate–aleurolite rocks and hosts minerals such as bismuthinite, kobellite, cosalite, bismutotintinite, and others. The lead–bismuth sludge produced during copper smelting at AMMC contains up to 0.19–2.0% Bi, while converter dust samples contain 0.5–1.0% Bi. Experiments using NaCl solutions to dissolve PbSO₄ revealed that at 95 °C and 300 g/l concentration, the dissolution efficiency of lead reached 85.3%. Simultaneously, the bismuth concentration in solid residues doubled, and enrichment of precious metals (Au, Ag) was observed. These results demonstrate that chloride-leaching technology is a promising method for the recovery of valuable metals from secondary raw materials. The findings form a scientific basis for developing efficient recycling technologies for bismuth and associated metals from industrial wastes.
Downloads
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Public License Terms
(For Open Journal Systems (OJS))
-
Copyright:
The copyright of the published article remains with the author(s). However, after publication, the article is distributed on the OJS platform under the Creative Commons (CC BY) license. -
License Type:
This article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. This means users can utilize the article under the following conditions:- Copy and distribute: The text of the article or its parts can be freely distributed.
- Quote and analyze: Parts of the article can be used for quoting and analysis.
- Free use: The article can be freely used for research and educational purposes.
- Attribution: Users must provide proper attribution and reference to the original source.
-
Commercial use:
The article can be used for commercial purposes, provided that authorship and source are properly cited. -
Document modification:
The text or content of the article can be modified or adapted, as long as it does not harm the authorship. -
Liability disclaimer:
The author(s) are responsible for the accuracy of the information contained in the article. The editorial team of the platform is not liable for any damages resulting from the use of this information. -
Public usage obligations:
The content of the article must be used only in accordance with legal and ethical standards. Unauthorized use is strictly prohibited.
Note:
These license terms are designed to ensure transparency and openness in material usage. By accepting these terms, you agree to the adaptation and distribution of the article content under the terms of the Creative Commons license.
Link: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
How to Cite
References
[1] Xasanov, A. S. (2025). O‘zbekiston sharoitida vismut ishlab chiqarish xomashyo bazasi va ulardan vismutni ajratib olish imkoniyatlarini tadqiq qilish. Gornyy vestnik Uzbekistana, (1), 45–52.
[2] Смирнов, В. И. (1950). Металлургия меди и никеля. Москва: Металлургиздат.
[3] Ruddle, R. W. (1959). The physical chemistry of copper smelting. London: Institution of Mining and Metallurgy.
[4] Vorobyov, E. P., & Vdovlyanskiy, G. M. (1968). Гидротермальные месторождения висмута Западного Тянь-Шаня. Геология рудных месторождений, (4), 32–43.
[5] Shcherba, G. N., & Kochkin, Yu. N. (1978). Висмутовые месторождения СССР. Москва: Недра.
[6] Biswas, A. K., & Davenport, W. G. (2011). Extractive metallurgy of copper (5th ed.). Oxford: Elsevier Science.
[7] Habashi, F. (1997). Handbook of extractive metallurgy (Vol. 2, pp. 987–1024). Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
[8] Wang, S., & Wesstrom, B. (2004). Recovery of bismuth from copper smelter dusts: Chloride leaching and cementation. Hydrometallurgy, 73(3–4), 241–248.
[9] Кудрин, В. А., & Шумаков, Н. С. (2012). Переработка свинцово-висмутовых шламов медеплавильного производства. Цветные металлы, (7), 54–59.
[10] Ozbayoglu, G., & Atalay, M. U. (2003). Beneficiation of bismuth from lead–zinc ores and by-products. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 24(2), 145–167.