PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM AND ITS ALLOYS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN MODERN INDUSTRY
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The article is devoted to the properties of aluminum, an element of the III group of the periodic table, with an order number of 13 and an atomic mass of 26.98. Its physicochemical characteristics are considered, including low density (2.7 g/cm3), high electrical conductivity (65% of copper), and thermal conductivity (238.3 W/ (m·K)). The various grades of aluminum, its corrosion resistance, as well as its mechanical properties, which differ depending on its purity and processing, are described in detail. Aluminum is used in the form of semi-finished products (sheets, rods and profiles) and in the form of alloys such as Al-Mn, Al-Si and Al-Mg. The article discusses methods for strengthening aluminum alloys, such as hardening and aging, as well as their influence on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Data on the decomposition of the solid solution and the aging process, as well as on the structural strengthening, which increases the strength and plasticity of aluminum, are presented. The article contains illustrations demonstrating the microstructure of alloys and the dependence of their properties on temperature and aging time.
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