MONITORING OF LAND SURFACE DEFORMATIONS INDUCED BY UNDERGROUND MINING AT THE KHONDIZA DEPOSIT USING INSAR TECHNOLOGY AND SENTINEL-1 SATELLITE IMAGERY
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Abstract
Underground mining operations can cause land surface subsidence. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has become an economical, effective, and highly accurate method for studying and monitoring surface deformations. However, in mining areas, the successful application of InSAR technology requires overcoming several challenges, such as temporal decorrelation (i.e., the reduction in image coherence over time) and the limitations related to detectable deformation gradients, which constrain InSAR’s ability to track rapid subsidence processes. This study explores the use of Sentinel-1 satellite imagery with a revisit time of 6 or 12 days, which improves sensitivity to deformation gradients and reduces the impact of temporal decorrelation. By combining the Small Baseline Subsets (SBAS) and Interferometric Point Target Analysis (IPTA) methods, spatially continuous results of land subsidence were obtained using the example of the Khondiza mining site, located in the Surkhandarya region. The results revealed subsidence rates of up to 70 cm per year in this area, clearly illustrating the deformation field and its dynamic development. The findings demonstrate that InSAR technology is an effective tool for monitoring land subsidence in mining regions and provides valuable data for planning subsequent environmental restoration measures.
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