SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PREHEATING (PREHEAT) AND POST-WELD HEAT TREATMENT (PWHT) METHODS IN THE WELDING PROCESS
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The scientific principles and practical significance of preheating (preheat) and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT – Post Weld Heat Treatment) technologies in the welding of materials have been analyzed. The primary purpose of the preheating process is to limit the formation of undesirable structures in the heat-affected zone, prevent hydrogen-induced cracking, and reduce thermal stresses. Post-weld heat treatment serves to relieve internal stresses in the weld, stabilize the microstructure, and improve mechanical properties. The research results indicate that the scientifically grounded application of these methods significantly enhances the strength and service life of welded joints. In addition, the practical effectiveness of these methods in the energy, oil and gas, mechanical engineering, and other industrial sectors has been highlighted.
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