TECHNOLOGY OF SELECTIVE LEACHING AND PROCESSING OF LEAD–BISMUTH SLUDGES FROM METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION
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This paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of lead–bismuth sludges generated during sulfuric acid production in copper metallurgy. The physicochemical properties of the sludge, including moisture content, particle size distribution, density, and acidity, were investigated. The results confirmed the presence of significant amounts of lead, bismuth, copper, zinc, and precious metals, demonstrating the industrial value of the sludge as a secondary raw material. An efficient hydrometallurgical processing technology was developed, incorporating water washing, selective salt leaching, carbonation, and thermal treatment. Experimental studies showed that, under optimal operating conditions, lead was selectively transferred into solution while precious metals remained in the solid residue. High-purity metallic lead was subsequently obtained from the produced lead carbonate. The proposed technology promotes comprehensive utilization of metallurgical waste, reduces environmental impact, and improves resource efficiency.
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