ENHANCEMENT OF INTAKE AIR FILTRATION EFFICIENCY FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES OF MINING EQUIPMENT
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Under open-pit mining conditions, internal combustion engines operate in environments with a high concentration of abrasive dust, which leads to intensive wear of the cylinder–piston group, power reduction, increased fuel consumption, and a decrease in engine service life. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the influence of the particle size distribution and concentration of dust in the intake air on the tribological condition of key engine components, the parameters of the oil film, and the operational performance of the power unit. It is shown that particles with sizes of 5–20 μm pose the greatest risk, causing accelerated abrasive wear and deterioration of combustion chamber sealing. Based on theoretical considerations and operational data, the necessity of improving the efficiency of intake air purification is substantiated.
A design of a multi-stage combined air filtration system is developed and proposed, including multicyclone pre-cleaning, two-stage electrostatic separation, and final purification using a conventional filter element. The proposed system ensures effective capture of particles within a wide size range (0.1–20 μm) under low aerodynamic resistance and increases the overall filtration efficiency up to 95%. The implementation of the developed system makes it possible to reduce the wear rate of the cylinder–piston group, extend the service life of both the base filter and the engine as a whole, decrease specific fuel consumption, and improve the operational reliability of mining machines under high-dust conditions.
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