THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT BASED ON THE COAGULATION PROCESS
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This article examines the scientific foundations and advanced technological approaches to the coagulation–flocculation process widely used in the treatment of industrial wastewater. Coagulation is considered an effective physicochemical method that enables the destabilization of colloidal and finely dispersed particles, followed by their aggregation into larger flocs and subsequent sedimentation. The study provides a comparative analysis of various types of coagulants (metal-based and non-metal-based), their properties, and application efficiency based on existing scientific sources. Additionally, the main factors affecting process efficiency, including pH conditions, coagulant dosage, temperature, mixing conditions, and characteristics of colloidal systems, are systematically analyzed. Based on the physicochemical parameters of different industrial wastewaters, the applicability of the coagulation process is evaluated. The obtained results serve as a scientific basis for improving water treatment technologies, determining optimal operating conditions, and developing effective technological solutions.
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