SUBSTANTIATION OF OPTIMAL BLAST HOLE PARAMETERS TO ENHANCE THE FRAGMENTATION EFFICIENCY OF HARD ROCK MASSES AT THE YOSHLIK-I DEPOSIT
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The paper addresses the selection of drilling-and-blasting parameters aimed at improving rock fragmentation in the Yoshlik-I open pit. The objective was to determine rational values of bench height, burden, spacing, stemming, subdrilling, and delay timing by considering their combined influence on blasting efficiency and downstream mining operations. For a 15 m bench, the relationships B=k·H, S=1.2B and J=0.25B were used as the analytical basis. The calculations showed that the recommended parameters are burden 4.5 m, spacing 5.4 m, subdrilling 1.1 m, stemming 3.0-3.5 m, and an operationally effective delay of 20 ms. For water-filled blastholes, emulsion explosives and a 5-10% increase in charge density were found to be reasonable. The proposed parameter set reduces the share of oversized fragments from 35% to 15-18% and lowers specific explosive consumption from 0.90 to 0.75-0.80 kg/m³, thereby improving loading, hauling and overall production stability. The results can be used as a practical basis for differential blast design in deep open pits.
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References
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