INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF PH, CONTACT TIME, SORBENT DOSAGE, AND INITIAL CONCENTRATION ON THE ADSORPTION PROCESS
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper investigates the main factors affecting the adsorption process, including solution pH, contact time, sorbent dosage, and the initial concentration of the adsorbate. Adsorption is considered one of the most effective methods for removing pollutants from wastewater, oil-contaminated water, heavy metal ions, and organic contaminants. The influence of the physicochemical properties of the sorbent, mass transfer mechanisms, and equilibrium conditions on adsorption efficiency is discussed. In addition, adsorption isotherms, kinetic models, and experimental design approaches are presented to evaluate and optimize the adsorption process.
Downloads
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Public License Terms
(For Open Journal Systems (OJS))
-
Copyright:
The copyright of the published article remains with the author(s). However, after publication, the article is distributed on the OJS platform under the Creative Commons (CC BY) license. -
License Type:
This article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. This means users can utilize the article under the following conditions:- Copy and distribute: The text of the article or its parts can be freely distributed.
- Quote and analyze: Parts of the article can be used for quoting and analysis.
- Free use: The article can be freely used for research and educational purposes.
- Attribution: Users must provide proper attribution and reference to the original source.
-
Commercial use:
The article can be used for commercial purposes, provided that authorship and source are properly cited. -
Document modification:
The text or content of the article can be modified or adapted, as long as it does not harm the authorship. -
Liability disclaimer:
The author(s) are responsible for the accuracy of the information contained in the article. The editorial team of the platform is not liable for any damages resulting from the use of this information. -
Public usage obligations:
The content of the article must be used only in accordance with legal and ethical standards. Unauthorized use is strictly prohibited.
Note:
These license terms are designed to ensure transparency and openness in material usage. By accepting these terms, you agree to the adaptation and distribution of the article content under the terms of the Creative Commons license.
Link: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
How to Cite
References
[1] Haan, T. Y., Chong, W. C., & Chai, P. V. (2023). A review on adsorption process for the treatment of oily wastewater. Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research, 4(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2301016
[2] Sarran, M. A., AbdulRazak, A. A., Abid, M. F., & Jawad, A. D. (2024). Oily wastewater treatment using low-cost and highly efficient natural and activated Iraqi bentonite. Desalination and Water Treatment, 319, Article 100412. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100412
[3] Tanko, D. B., et al. (2026). Review of adsorption isotherms models. Applied Water Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-025-02682-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-025-02682-0
[4] Al-Ghouti, M. A., & Da'ana, D. A. (2020). Guidelines for the use and interpretation of adsorption isotherm models: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 393, Article 122383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122383 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122383
[5] Revellame, E. D., Fortela, D. L., Sharp, W., Hernandez, R., & Zappi, M. E. (2020). Adsorption kinetic modeling using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order rate laws: A review. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 1, Article 100032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2020.100032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2020.100032
[6] Murphy, O. P., Vashishtha, M., Palanisamy, P., & Kannuchamy, V. K. (2023). A review on the adsorption isotherms and design calculations for the optimization of adsorbent mass and contact time. ACS Omega, 8, 17407–17430. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c01177 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c08155
[7] Sarran, M. A., AbdulRazak, A. A., Abid, M. F., & Jawad, A. D. (2024). Oily wastewater treatment by using Fe₃O₄/bentonite in fixed-bed adsorption column. ChemEngineering, 8(5), Article 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering8050092 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering8050092
[8] De Gisi, S., Lofrano, G., Grassi, M., & Notarnicola, M. (2016). Characteristics and adsorption capacities of low-cost sorbents for wastewater treatment: A review. Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 9, 10–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2016.06.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2016.06.002
[9] Ho, Y. S., & McKay, G. (1999). Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes. Process Biochemistry, 34(5), 451–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(98)00112-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(98)00112-5
[10] Long, J., et al. (2024). Preparation of oily sludge-derived activated carbon and its adsorption properties. Molecules, 29, Article 769. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29030769 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29040769
[11] Amari, A., et al. (2023). Investigation of the viable role of oil sludge-derived activated carbon for oily wastewater remediation. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 11, Article 1138308. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1138308 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1138308