THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF INTERFEROMETRIC SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR (INSAR) TECHNOLOGY FOR GROUND SURFACE DEFORMATION MONITORING
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This article presents the theoretical foundations of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology, the operating principles of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems, and their capabilities for remote monitoring of ground surface deformation. Interferometric analysis methods based on the amplitude and phase characteristics of radar signals are described, enabling millimeter-level deformation measurements and continuous monitoring of geodynamic processes. The physical characteristics of electromagnetic waves in the X-, C-, and L-bands and their influence on monitoring accuracy are analyzed. The advantages of Differential InSAR (D-InSAR) for monitoring mining areas, seismically active regions, and other complex geological environments are discussed. The study also examines the key factors affecting the reliability of interferometric observations, including coherence, digital elevation models, repeat-pass acquisition intervals, and radar data processing requirements. The obtained results demonstrate the significance of InSAR technology for the early detection of ground deformation, assessment of hazardous areas, and improvement of monitoring efficiency in mine surveying, geodesy, geology, and mining engineering. The research findings provide a solid theoretical and practical basis for the further development of remote sensing technologies, mitigation of geotechnical hazards, and enhancement of territorial stability.
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