COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF InSAR METHODS FOR MONITORING GROUND SURFACE DEFORMATION IN MINING AREAS
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Abstract
The capabilities of interferometric synthetic aperture radar for detecting and interpreting ground surface deformation in mining areas were comparatively assessed. The study examined six supplied images, five groups of application examples, and verified scientific literature. The Berezniki potash mine and Lost Hills oilfield were considered the principal industrial cases, while the Bam earthquake, the urban environment of Rome, and Alaskan volcanoes provided methodological comparisons. D-InSAR, persistent scatterer interferometry, and small-baseline time series were compared in terms of observation geometry, coherence, temporal coverage, and validation requirements. Reproducible analytical charts were developed to examine phase-to-displacement conversion and the effects of neglected horizontal motion. For illustrative wavelengths of 56.6 and 236 mm, a complete phase cycle corresponded to line-of-sight displacements of 28.3 and 118 mm, respectively. At a 35° incidence angle, a neglected horizontal displacement of 5 mm along the horizontal projection of the line of sight produced a 3.50 mm bias in the estimated vertical displacement. Image inspection revealed inconsistencies between some panel labels and the stated geographical objects. The findings support distinguishing line-of-sight displacement from vertical subsidence, evaluating atmospheric effects and coherence, and validating InSAR observations against GNSS and levelling measurements. The analytical charts represent neither new field observations nor operational hazard thresholds for a specific mine.
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